• 在线客服

  • 扫描二维码
    下载博学谷APP

  • 扫描二维码
    关注博学谷微信公众号

  • 意见反馈

原创 Python数据结构之字典学习笔记

发布时间:2020-05-05 12:04:36 浏览 3893 来源:博学谷 作者:照照

    对于许多Python初学者来讲,数据结构中的字典是一个不容易理解的概念。字典作为一种容器型数据结构,它也可以算得上是最有用的容器。下面是小编整理的相关学习笔记,让我们一起来好好地学习有关于字典的语法知识吧~

     

    Python数据结构之字典

     

    1、字典的概念

     

    Python 中,字典这种数据类型的英文叫做 “dict”,有的语言里它的名称是 “hash”。字典是编程中最常用的数据结构之一。它是用来做映射或者存储你需要的键值对,这样当你需要的时候,你可以通过key来获取它的值。同样,程序员不会使用一个像“字典”这样的术语,来称呼那些不能像一个写满词汇的真实字典正常使用的事物,所以我们只要把它当做真实世界中的字典来用就好。

     

    2、字典与列表的区别

     

    针对列表你可以做这样的事情:

     

    >>> things = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

    >>> print things[1]

    b >>> things[1] =

    '

    z'

    >>> print things[1]

    z >>> things

    ['a', 'z', 'c', 'd']

     

    你可以使用数字作为列表的索引,也就是你可以通过数字找到列表中的元素。你现在应该了解列表的这些特性,而你也应了解,你也只能通过数字来获取列表中的元素。dict是让你可以通过任何东西找到元素,不只是数字。是的,字典可以将一个物件和另外一个东西关联,不管它们的类型是什么,我们来看看:

     

    >>> stuff = {'name': 'Zed', 'age': 39, 'height': 6 * 12 + 2}

    >>> print stuff['name']

    Zed

    >>> print stuff['age']

    39

    >>> print stuff['height']

    74

    >>> stuff['city'] = "San Francisco"

    >>> print stuff['city']

    San Francisco

     

    3、字典的使用

     

    除了通过数字以外,我们还可以用字符串来从字典中获取 stuff ,我们还可以用字符串来往字典中添加元素。当然它支持的不只有字符串,我们还可以做这样的事情:

     

    >>> stuff[1] = "Wow"

    >>> stuff[2] = "Neato"

    >>> print stuff[1]

    Wow

    >>> print stuff[2]

    Neato

    >>> stuff

    {'city': 'San Francisco', 2: 'Neato', 'name': 'Zed', 1: 'Wow', 'age': 39, 'height': 74

    }

     

    这段代码中,使用了数字,当打印stuff的时候,不止有数字还有字符串作为字典的key。当然了,一个只能放东西进去的字典是没啥意思的,所以我们还要有删除的方法,也就是使用del这个关键字:

     

    >>> del stuff['city']

    >>> del stuff[1]

    >>> del stuff[2]

    >>> stuff

    {'name': 'Zed', 'age': 36, 'height': 74}

     

    4、实例练习

     

    # create a mapping of state to abbreviation

    states = {

    'Oregon': 'OR',

    'Florida': 'FL',

    'California': 'CA',

    'New York': 'NY',

    'Michigan': 'MI'

    }

    # create a basic set of states and some cities in them

    cities = {

    'CA': 'San Francisco',

    'MI': 'Detroit',

    'FL': 'Jacksonville'

    }

    # add some more cities

    cities['NY'] = 'New York'

    cities['OR'] = 'Portland'

    # print out some cities

    print '-' * 10

    print "NY State has: ", cities['NY']

    print "OR State has: ", cities['OR']

    # print some states

    print '-' * 10

    print "Michigan's abbreviation is: ", states['Michigan']

    print "Florida's abbreviation is: ", states['Florida']

    # do it by using the state then cities dict

    print '-' * 10

    print "Michigan has: ", cities[states['Michigan']]

    print "Florida has: ", cities[states['Florida']]

    # print every state abbreviation

    print '-' * 10

    for state, abbrev in states.items():

    print "%s is abbreviated %s" % (state, abbrev)

    # print every city in state

    print '-' * 10

    for abbrev, city in cities.items():

    print "%s has the city %s" % (abbrev, city)

    # now do both at the same time

    print '-' * 10

    for state, abbrev in states.items():

    print "%s state is abbreviated %s and has city %s" % (

    state, abbrev, cities[abbrev])

    print '-' * 10

    # safely get a abbreviation by state that might not be there

    state = states.get('Texas')

    if not state:

    print "Sorry, no Texas."

    # get a city with a default value

    city = cities.get('TX', 'Does Not Exist')

    print "The city for the state 'TX' is: %s" % city

     

    你看到的结果:

     

    $ python ex39.py

    ----------

    NY State has: New York

    OR State has: Portland

    ----------

    Michigan's abbreviation is: MI

    Florida's abbreviation is: FL

    ----------

    Michigan has: Detroit

    Florida has: Jacksonville

    ----------

    California is abbreviated CA

    Michigan is abbreviated MI

    New York is abbreviated NY

    Florida is abbreviated FL

    Oregon is abbreviated OR

    ----------

    FL has the city Jacksonville

    CA has the city San Francisco

    MI has the city Detroit

    OR has the city Portland

    NY has the city New York

    ----------

    California state is abbreviated CA and has city San Francisco

    Michigan state is abbreviated MI and has city Detroit

    New York state is abbreviated NY and has city New York

    Florida state is abbreviated FL and has city Jacksonville

    Oregon state is abbreviated OR and has city Portland

    ----------

    Sorry, no Texas.

    The city for the state 'TX' is: Does Not Exist

     

    以上就是Python数据结构之字典的学习笔记,大家都理解了吗?事实上,当你需要通过一个值来访问另一个值的时候,就可以使用字典。关于字典的内容就到这里了,欢迎大家关注博学谷资讯栏目,我们将每天更新Python的学习内容~

    申请免费试学名额    

在职想转行提升,担心学不会?根据个人情况规划学习路线,闯关式自适应学习模式保证学习效果
讲师一对一辅导,在线答疑解惑,指导就业!

上一篇: 学习python技术难吗? 下一篇: 适合初学者入门的Python基础视频推荐

相关推荐 更多

热门文章

  • 前端是什么
  • 前端开发的工作职责
  • 前端开发需要会什么?先掌握这三大核心关键技术
  • 前端开发的工作方向有哪些?
  • 简历加分-4步写出HR想要的简历
  • 程序员如何突击面试?两大招带你拿下面试官
  • 程序员面试技巧
  • 架构师的厉害之处竟然是这……
  • 架构师书籍推荐
  • 懂了这些,才能成为架构师
  • 查看更多

扫描二维码,了解更多信息

博学谷二维码